Global, regional, and national burdens of depressive disorders in adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2019: A trend analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

BACKGROUND: Depressive disorders (DD) including dysthymia and major depressive disorder (MDD) are common among adolescents and young adults. However, global trends in DD burden remain unclear. METHODS: We analysed data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study on incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality due to DD from 1990 to 2019 at global, regional and national levels. RESULTS: Globally, dysthymia incidence increased notably in females, older age groups, and lower-middle income countries from 1990 to 2019. In contrast, MDD incidence decreased slightly over this period except in high-income North America. Females and middle-income countries had the highest dysthymia burden while North America had the highest MDD incidence and DALYs. Oman and Malaysia experienced largest increases in dysthymia and MDD burden respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite certain global indicators suggesting a leveling off or decrease, it's clear that depressive disorders continue to be a significant and increasing issue, particularly among women, teenagers, and young adults. Differences between regions and countries indicate that specific interventions aimed at addressing economic inequalities, improving healthcare systems, and taking cultural factors into account could make a real difference in lessening the burden of depressive disorders. More research is needed to understand what's driving these trends so that we can develop better strategies for preventing and managing these conditions.

Analysis of the CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism in Han and Uyghur patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the Kashi area of Xinjiang.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism among Han and Uyghur patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the Kashi area of Xinjiang. MATERIAL/METHODS: We enrolled 1020 patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, including 220 Han subjects and 800 Uyghur subjects. We used the gene chip method to detect polymorphisms in CYP2C19. The allele frequencies of CYP2C19 and the metabolic phenotype frequencies were then compared between the 2 ethnic groups. RESULTS: The frequency of CYP2C19 *1 was 0.6454 in Han subjects and 0.7869 in Uyghur subjects, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The frequency of CYP2C19 *2 was 0.3273 in Han subjects and 0.1837 in Uyghur subjects (P<0.05). The frequency of the homozygous extensive metabolizer phenotype was 42.72% and 62.13% in Han and Uyghur subjects, respectively (P<0.01). The frequency of the heterozygous extensive metabolizer phenotype was 43.64% and 33.13% in Han and Uyghur subjects, respectively (P<0.01). The frequency of poor metabolizers in Han and Uyghur subjects was 13.64% and 4.76%, respectively (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases located in the Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang, there is a differential distribution of CYP2C19 genotypes between the Han and Uyghur populations. Uyghur patients showed higher frequencies of extensive metabolizer genotypes than Han patients, while Han patients showed higher frequencies of poor metabolizer genotypes than Uyghur patients.